Fix handling of constness in Typifier

Improves the handling of constness in the typifier.

Left-hand sides of non-declaration assignments may not be const. For the typifier to tell apart const from non-const expressions, it needs to track constness in the TypeContext. This MR adds that ability: All expressions are now by default assigned const types, unless otherwise specified. This does not change the handling of untyped symbols, which still receive the default_dtype. A PsSymbolExpr may therefore now have a different const qualifier than its wrapped PsSymbol.

Additionally, this MR further documents and clarified the behaviour and control flow of the typifier.

requested review from @he66coqe

assigned to @da15siwa

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• 7526c0db - Add clarifying docstring to TypeContext compatibility check

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mentioned in commit 191cc207

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