Vector scatter/gather support

Some modern processors support scatter/gather operations in hardware to be able to vectorize even when the stride between consecutive elements is not 1. Supporting this in pystencils turned out to be surprisingly easy. On a Core i7-7820X, the D3Q19 TRT benchmark shows an appreciable performance benefit for cases with nonideal memory layout:

• 15% for fzyx without assume_inner_stride_one and with split
• 20% for fzyx without assume_inner_stride_one
• 30% for zyxf

AVX2 only supported gather, so this requires AVX512. The internet says it was quite slow on AVX2 processors anyway. Even on AVX512 the latency is quite high and the throughput is quite low, but it's still better than not vectorizing. SVE also supports it, so all future ARM processors will benefit too, and they will probably have better hardware support for higher throughput.

Fixes #34 (closed)

pystencils/backends/cbackend.py

@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ class CBackend:
             lhs_type = get_type_of_expression(node.lhs)
             printed_mask = ""
             if type(lhs_type) is VectorType and isinstance(node.lhs, cast_func):
-                arg, data_type, aligned, nontemporal, mask = node.lhs.args
+                arg, data_type, aligned, nontemporal, mask, stride = node.lhs.args
                 instr = 'storeU'
                 if aligned:
                     instr = 'stream' if nontemporal and 'stream' in self._vector_instruction_set else 'storeA'
@@ -281,6 +281,12 @@ class CBackend:
                     rhs = node.rhs
 
                 ptr = "&" + self.sympy_printer.doprint(node.lhs.args[0])
+
+                if stride != 1:
+                    instr = 'maskScatter' if mask != True else 'scatter'  # NOQA
+                    return self._vector_instruction_set[instr].format(ptr, self.sympy_printer.doprint(rhs),
+                                                                      stride, printed_mask) + ';'
+
                 pre_code = ''
                 if nontemporal and 'cachelineZero' in self._vector_instruction_set:
                     pre_code = f"if (((uintptr_t) {ptr} & {CachelineSize.mask_symbol}) == 0) " + "{\n\t" + \
@@ -605,7 +611,9 @@ class VectorizedCustomSympyPrinter(CustomSympyPrinter):
 
     def _print_Function(self, expr):
         if isinstance(expr, vector_memory_access):
-            arg, data_type, aligned, _, mask = expr.args
+            arg, data_type, aligned, _, mask, stride = expr.args
+            if stride != 1:
+                return self.instruction_set['gather'].format("& " + self._print(arg), stride)
             instruction = self.instruction_set['loadA'] if aligned else self.instruction_set['loadU']
             return instruction.format("& " + self._print(arg))
         elif isinstance(expr, cast_func):